In spite of projects like 1993's much-hyped Judgment Night soundtrack - which featured all-star teamings of artists from the rap and rock worlds - crossover collaborations faded as the '90s wore on. Many of these efforts focused not on the linguistic and rhythmic complexity of rap, but on the cathartic intensity that could be achieved by sort of shout-rapping the lyrics instead of singing them. Some metal bands had come to associate hardcore rap with the street-tough urban attitude they wanted to project, and after 'Bring the Noise,' they suddenly found it possible to experiment with fusing the two. Funk-metal outfits like the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Faith No More dabbled in the style, but the intense hardcore tone commonly associated with '90s rap-metal was established by another Anthrax record, a 1991 remake of Public Enemy's 'Bring the Noise' that featured members of PE itself. Prior to the initial emergence of rap-metal, there had been several successful fusions of rap with hard rock guitar - Run-D.M.C.'s collaboration with Aerosmith on a remake of the latter's 'Walk This Way,' the Beastie Boys' Licensed to Ill - but the true birth of rap-metal was Anthrax's comic 1987 single 'I'm the Man,' which combined a heavy guitar riff (actually the melody of 'Hava Nagila') with full-fledged, surprisingly competent rapping. With few exceptions, rap-metal is far and away the domain of white musicians coming to the form from the metal side of the equation. Rap-Metal seeks to fuse the most aggressive elements of hardcore rap and heavy metal, and became an extremely popular variation of alternative metal during the late '90s.

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